431At which battle did the Muslims decisively defeat the Persian (Sassanid) forces?
432At which battle did the Muslims decisively defeat the Byzantine forces in Syria?
433Which holy city did Umar accept the peaceful surrender of, traveling there in person?
434What is the name of the document Umar issued guaranteeing safety and rights to the Christians of Jerusalem?
435What public treasury institution did Umar establish for the Islamic state?
436What administrative record-keeping system for soldiers and citizens did Umar introduce?
437Which territory’s conquest under Umar significantly expanded the Islamic state economically and agriculturally?
438Who commanded the Muslim conquest of Egypt under Umar’s caliphate?
439Who commanded the Muslim forces at the Battle of Qadisiyyah?
440How did Umar ibn al-Khattab die?
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